Experiments in Ingot Casting

Properties and Control of Fluxes for Ingot Casting and Continuous Casting

Present chemical-physical characteristics of ingot and continuous casting powders can be critically evaluated pointing out history of invention of these materials. In an original tone, pioneering nature of first developments of casting powders will be described, illustrating empirical know-how of casting powders technology, based on trial-and-error method. It will be originally emphasized that ...

State of the Art in the Control of Inclusions during Steel Ingot Casting

This article extensively reviews published research on inclusions in ingot steel and defects on ingot products, methods to measure and detect inclusions in steel, the causes of exogenous inclusions, and the transport and entrapment of inclusions during fluid flow, segregation, and solidification of steel cast in ingot molds. Exogenous inclusions in ingots originate mainly from reoxidation of th...

Analysis and Suppression of Base Separation in the Casting of a Cylindrical Ingot

Modeling of Macrosegregation Due to Thermosolutal Convection and Contraction-Driven Flow in Direct Chill Continuous Casting of an Al-Cu Round Ingot

Macrosegregation in direct chill (DC) continuous casting of an Al-4.5 wt pct Cu round ingot is numerically simulated. The model incorporates descriptions of heat transfer, solute redistribution, and melt convection on the system scale with microscopic relations for grain growth, solutal undercooling, and microsegregation. Simulations are conducted to study the effects of mushy zone permeability...

Transition-metal profiles in a multicrystalline silicon ingot

The concentrations of transition-metal impurities in a photovoltaic-grade multicrystalline silicon ingot have been measured by neutron activation analysis. The results show that the concentrations of Fe, Co, and Cu are determined by segregation from the liquid-to-solid phase in the central regions of the ingot. This produces high concentrations near the top of the ingot, which subsequently diff...